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Persuasion Tactics Found in Advertising

Lesson Plan

Persuasion Tactics Found in Advertising

Objectives

In this lesson, students will examine propaganda techniques in advertisements. Students will: [IS.7 - Language Function]

  • identify common propaganda techniques in advertisements.
  • analyze the effectiveness of propaganda techniques. [IS.8 - Level 1]

Essential Questions

  • How does interaction with text provoke thinking and response?

Vocabulary

[IS.1 - Preparation ]

[IS.2 - ELP Standards]

  • Bias: A judgment based on a personal point of view. [IS.3 - All Students]
  • Propaganda Techniques and Persuasive Tactics: Propaganda techniques and persuasive tactics are used to influence people to believe, buy, or do something. Students should be able to identify and comprehend the propaganda techniques and persuasive tactics listed below. [IS.4 - All Students] [IS.5 - Struggling Learners]

1.      Name-calling is an attack on a person instead of an issue.

2.      A bandwagon appeal tries to persuade the reader to do, think, or buy something because it is popular or because “everyone” is doing it.

3.      A red herring is an attempt to distract the reader with details not relevant to the argument.

4.      An emotional appeal tries to persuade the reader by using words that appeal to the reader’s emotions instead of to logic or reason.

5.      A testimonial attempts to persuade the reader by using a famous person to endorse a product or idea (for instance, the celebrity endorsement).

6.      Repetition attempts to persuade the reader by repeating a message over and over again.

7.      A sweeping generalization (stereotyping) makes an oversimplified statement about a group based on limited information.

8.      A circular argument states a conclusion as part of the proof of the argument. [IS.6 - ELL Students]

Duration

60–120 minutes/1–2 class periods

Prerequisite Skills

Prerequisite Skills haven't been entered into the lesson plan.

Materials

Related Unit and Lesson Plans

Related Materials & Resources

The possible inclusion of commercial websites below is not an implied endorsement of their products, which are not free, and are not required for this lesson plan.

  • “Propaganda in Advertisements” by Kelli Snyder. Slideshare, 2009.

http://www.slideshare.net/snyderk/propaganda-in-advertisements

Formative Assessment

  • View
    • To assess students’ grasp of the concepts, call on pairs and individual students during discussion. [IS.16 - All Students] Circulate to lend assistance while students complete study guide questions.
    • Offer reteaching and provide additional resources as needed for more practice. [IS.17 - All Students]
    • Provide feedback on students’ analysis of magazine advertising techniques and allow them to revise work for their unit assessment portfolio.

Suggested Instructional Supports

  • View
    Scaffolding, Active Engagement, Modeling, Explicit Instruction
    W: Guide students through examination of propaganda techniques and their effectiveness.
    H: Engage students by using a competition to see who knows the most commercial taglines and use historical advertisements to provide students with a view of how advertising has developed through the years.
    E: Provide concrete experiences to inform students about propaganda techniques, guided analysis to interpret ads and techniques used, and time to research and individually analyze techniques used in current times.
    R: Provide activities, such as analyzing and discussing sample ads first through group-guided interaction and then as individuals, that will promote students’ commitment to revisit or revise their understanding of propaganda.
    E: Observe students’ understanding expressed through their contribution to the group discussion, research time, and the assignment for the unit assessment portfolio.
    T: Tailor instruction by providing preselected advertisements based on students’ prior knowledge, offering prescribed questions to aid analysis for students who are less adept with analysis, and using flexible grouping for analysis practice.
    O: Organize learning experiences in a linear fashion, starting with awareness, informative reading of key concepts, and guided analysis of ads.

     

    IS.1 - Preparation
    List ELLs and their level(s) of ELP  
    IS.2 - ELP Standards
    Identify ELP standard(s) to be addressed in this lesson  
    IS.3 - All Students

    To build background knowledge of bias, consider using the following questions in a dialogical or Socratic setting. Ask students to respond orally to:

    1. What or who is your favorite sports team (or athlete, or musician, or actor, or politician)? Why?

    2. . What or who is your least-favorite sports team (or athlete, or musician, or actor, or politician)? Why?

    3. In YOUR opinion, what makes one better than the other?  Why?

    4. Based on this discussion, are you biased? What is your bias? Why?

    IS.4 - All Students

    Consider this user-friendly definition of Propaganda Techniques: Methods and approaches used to spread ideas that further a cause. Causes could be political, commercial, religious, or civil. See: http://academic.cuesta.edu/acasupp/as/404.htm

     

    To build background knowledge, consider having students view the following brief overview of propaganda techniques:

    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Pw8mQFCfGxE&feature=related 
    IS.5 - Struggling Learners
    To help struggling learners identify and comprehend the 9 propaganda techniques listed in this lesson, consider using instructional routine cards, as well as other vocabulary techniques located in the following document: http://www.fcoe.net/ela/pdf/Vocabulary/Anita%20Archer031.pdf  
    IS.6 - ELL Students
    Provide many opportunities for ELLs to use these words orally in context  
    IS.7 - Language Function
    Include a language function for oral development as an objective of this lesson (e.g., “whereas. . . therefor”)  
    IS.8 - Level 1

    Level 1

    Level 2

    Level 3

    Level 4

    Level 5

    Entering

    Beginning

    Developing

    Expanding

    Bridging

    Answer yes/no or choice questsions using key vocabulary with a partner

    Give the features of common propaganda techniques with a partner

    Gather information from oral interviews to list different points of view on a graphic organizer

    Orally defend a point of view with evidence about a political candidate or topic in a small group

    Enagage in discussion about uses of propaganda in the media with the class

     
    IS.9 - All Students

    As a good instructional practice for all learners. Consider using the following clips of these selected commercials in context:

    I’m Lovin It:

    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dI-xHMM8wXE

     

    The Quicker Picker Upper:

    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UDeDNidI74Q

     

    Be all that you can be:

    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L2uPoMaCgJg

     

    Nothing Runs like a Deere:

    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vqNzcapfF-s

     

    Just Do It:

    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Pp5dZZBKTXQ 
    IS.10 - ELL Students
    How familiar are these slogans to the ELLs? Is the use of “popular culture” relevant to the ELLs?  
    IS.11 - All Students
    For all learners, teacher should provide a user-friendly definition of “Subliminal” and some relevant examples to establish background knowledge.  
    IS.12 - ELL Students
    How is this lesson culturally relevant for ELLs? Use your answer to this question to activate prior knowledge.  
    IS.13 - All Students
    Use non-English language magazines to analyze ads with limited use of words.  
    IS.14 - Struggling Learners

    For struggling learners, teacher should consider using a graphic organizer to facilitate the assignment. Suggestions include:

    • A “T” Chart or 2 Column Notes: list the 10 propaganda techniques on the left and examples on the right.
    IS.15 - All Students
    Have students compare/contrast advertisements in English and non-English language magazines.  
    IS.16 - All Students
    Before calling on pairs and individuals, consider allowing students to think about the question, pair with a partner and discuss, and randomly select a student(s) to share.  
    IS.17 - All Students
    This is an effective instructional strategy for all students.  

Instructional Procedures

  • View

    Focus Question: How is propaganda used in the media?

    As a class or in teams, challenge students to name the product or company associated with each slogan: [IS.9 - All Students]  [IS.10 - ELL Students]

    • “I’m lovin’ it.” (McDonald’s)
    • “Have it your way.” (Burger King)
    • “The quicker picker upper.” (Bounty paper towels)
    • “Reach out and touch someone.” (AT&T)
    • “The way business gets done.” (Nextel)
    • “Drivers wanted.” (Volkswagen)
    • “When you care enough to send the very best.” (Hallmark)
    • “Think outside the bun.” (Taco Bell)
    • “Fly the friendly skies.” (United Airlines)
    • “Be all you can be.” (U.S. Army)
    • “1000 songs in your pocket.” (iPod)
    • “Hold different.” (iPhone 4)
    • “Nothing runs like a Deere.” (John Deere)
    • “Just do it.” (Nike)

    Part 1

    Say, “Slogans or taglines are just one way advertisers try to make their products memorable. Advertisements across print, television, the Internet, and radio use similar persuasive techniques to sell consumers on ideas and products. You will be learning to recognize various techniques to understand the subliminal influences you hear and see.” [IS.11 - All Students] [IS.12 - ELL Students]

    Distribute the Propaganda in Advertising handout (L-L-8-2_Propaganda in Advertising.doc). Have students work with a partner to view advertisements and identify the persuasive techniques used by the advertisers. You can use Ad*Access: John W. Hartman Center for Sales, Advertising, and Marketing History. Duke University Library. Note: Search for key words, such as soap, cereal, vacuum, toys, and automobiles.

    Have each pair of students choose two ads and complete the worksheet. Discuss students’ answers as a group.

    Part 2

    Provide magazines, brochures, and newspapers that may be cut apart. Have students use the print materials to find examples of ads that demonstrate propaganda techniques. Instruct students to do the following: “Locate and analyze magazine advertisements to demonstrate all 10 propaganda techniques. [IS.13 - All Students] Compile the advertisements and write an analysis for each one. [IS.14 - Struggling Learners] The advertising technique identified should be defined in the paragraph. This assignment will be used as part of your unit assessment portfolio.”

    Provide class time for research and analysis. Discuss differences between the older ads and the modern ads. Direct students to add their work to their portfolio.

    Extension:

    • Have students who are ready to go beyond the standard collect political campaign direct mailings and analyze the techniques used to garner support for a candidate. [IS.15 - All Students]
    • Give students who need additional opportunities for learning specific advertisements with the technique options provided in multiple-choice format. Have students write rationale statements explaining why each choice is either valid or invalid. An additional source for advertisements is listed under Related Resources.

Related Instructional Videos

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Instructional videos haven't been assigned to the lesson plan.
DRAFT 06/14/2011
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